Table 3E of Potential Hazards
Process-related biological, chemical, and physical hazards
Dairy
| Category | Number | Subcategory | Storage Conditions | Hazards | Example Products |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dairy - Dry Powders | 1 | Dry milk products | Shelf-Stable | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Metal | Dried Milk, Whey Powder, Instant Nonfat Dry Milk, Whey Protein Powder |
| Dairy - Milk and Butter | 2 | Butter products | Refrigerated | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Bacterial growth and/or toxin formation due to lack of time/temperature control,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Undeclared allergens - Incorrect label,Undeclared allergens - cross- contact,Metal | Butter, Butter Spreads, Unsalted Butter Blends |
| Dairy - Milk and Butter | 3 | Pasteurized Milk and cream products | Refrigerated | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Bacterial growth and/or toxin formation due to lack of time/temperature control,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Undeclared allergens - Incorrect label,Undeclared allergens - cross- contact,Metal | Fluid White Milk, Flavored Milks, Buttermilk, Creams (Heavy, Light, Whipping), Goat Milk, Sheep Milk |
| Dairy - Milk and Butter | 4 | Cultured milk products | Refrigerated | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Bacterial growth and/or toxin formation due to lack of time/temperature control,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Undeclared allergens - Incorrect label,Undeclared allergens - cross- contact,Metal | Sour cream, Plain/Flavored Yogurt |
| Dairy, Milk and Milk Products Shelf-Stable | 5 | Ultra-High Temperature Liquid Dairy Products | Shelf-Stable | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Recontamination due to lack of container integrity,Undeclared allergens - Incorrect label,Undeclared allergens - cross- contact,Metal | Dairy Creamer, UHT Milk, Flavored Creamers |
| Dairy, Milk and Milk Products Shelf-Stable | 6 | Stabilized Liquid Milk Products | Shelf-Stable | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Recontamination due to lack of container integrity,Metal | Evaporated Milk, Sweetened Condensed Milk |
| Dairy - Milk, Frozen | 7 | Ice cream, regular and low fat (no inclusions) | Frozen | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Bacterial growth and/or toxin formation due to lack of time/temperature control,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Undeclared allergens - Incorrect label,Undeclared allergens - cross- contact,Chemical hazards due to mis- formulation (e.g. sulfites, yellow #5),Metal | Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry, Coconut |
| Dairy - Milk, Frozen | 8 | Ice cream, regular and low fat with inclusions | Frozen | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Bacterial growth and/or toxin formation due to lack of time/temperature control,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Undeclared allergens - Incorrect label,Undeclared allergens - cross- contact,Chemical hazards due to mis- formulation (e.g. sulfites, yellow #5),Metal | Butter Pecan, Mint Chocolate Chip, Fudge Ripple, Rocky Road, Cherry Vanilla, Black Raspberry, Peppermint Cookie |
| Dairy - Milk, Frozen | 9 | Sherbets | Frozen | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Bacterial growth and/or toxin formation due to lack of time/temperature control,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Undeclared allergens - Incorrect label,Undeclared allergens - cross- contact,Chemical hazards due to mis- formulation (e.g. sulfites, yellow #5),Metal | All Flavors , Pineapple, Raspberry, Orange |
| Dairy - Milk, Frozen | 10 | Frozen Novelty Items | Frozen | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Bacterial growth and/or toxin formation due to lack of time/temperature control,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Undeclared allergens - Incorrect label,Undeclared allergens - cross- contact,Chemical hazards due to mis- formulation (e.g. sulfites, yellow #5),Metal | Milk Shakes, Ice Cream Cakes, Ice Cream Sandwiches, Chocolate Covered Ice Cream Bar, Chocolate/Nut Topped Ice Cream Desserts, Frozen Yogurt |
| Dairy - Cheese and Cheese Products - Whole | 11a | Cheese (not soft) | Shelf-Stable | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Undeclared allergens - Incorrect label,Undeclared allergens - cross- contact,Metal | Hard Cheese, Cheddar Cheese, Parmesan Cheese, Asiago Cheese |
| Dairy - Cheese and Cheese Products - Whole | 11b | Cheese (not soft) | Refrigerated | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Bacterial growth and/or toxin formation due to lack of time/temperature control,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Undeclared allergens - Incorrect label,Undeclared allergens - cross- contact,Metal | Hard Cheese, Cheddar Cheese, Parmesan Cheese, Asiago Cheese |
| Dairy - Cheese and Cheese Products - Whole | 12 | Semi-soft cheese | Refrigerated | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Bacterial growth and/or toxin formation due to lack of time/temperature control,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Undeclared allergens - Incorrect label,Undeclared allergens - cross- contact,Metal | Blue, Monterey, Muenster, Provolone, Oaxaca, Stilton, Colby, Monterey Jack, Mozzarella, Edam, Gouda |
| Dairy - Cheese and Cheese Products - Whole | 13 | Soft, ripened cheese | Refrigerated | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Bacterial growth and/or toxin formation due to lack of time/temperature control,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Undeclared allergens - Incorrect label,Undeclared allergens - cross- contact,Metal | Brie, Camembert, Grayson, Cheese Curd |
| Dairy - Cheese and Cheese Products - Whole | 14 | Soft, unripened cheese/ fresh cheese | Refrigerated | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Bacterial growth and/or toxin formation due to lack of time/temperature control,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Undeclared allergens - Incorrect label,Undeclared allergens - cross- contact,Metal | Cottage Cheese, Cream Cheese, Ricotta, Queso Fresco, Cheese Curd, Goat Cheese |
| Dairy - Cheese and Cheese Products - Sliced, Shredded, or Grated | 15a | Cheese (not soft) | Shelf-Stable | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Bacterial growth and/or toxin formation due to lack of time/temperature control,Bacterial growth and/or toxin formation due to reduced oxygen packaging,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Metal | Hard Cheese, Cheddar Cheese, Parmesan Cheese, Asiago Cheese |
| Dairy - Cheese and Cheese Products - Sliced, Shredded, or Grated | 15b | Cheese (not soft) | Refrigerated | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Bacterial growth and/or toxin formation due to lack of time/temperature control,Bacterial growth and/or toxin formation due to reduced oxygen packaging,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Metal | Hard Cheese, Cheddar Cheese, Parmesan Cheese, Asiago Cheese |
| Dairy - Cheese and Cheese Products - Sliced, Shredded, or Grated | 16 | Semi-soft cheese | Refrigerated | Bacterial pathogen survival of a lethal treatment,Bacterial growth and/or toxin formation due to lack of time/temperature control,Bacterial growth and/or toxin formation due to reduced oxygen packaging,Recontamination with environmental pathogens,Metal | Monterey, Muenster, Provolone, Oaxaca, Colby, Monterey Jack, Mozzarella |
Source
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Hazard Analysis and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Human Food: Draft Guidance for Industry
Appendix 1: Potential Hazards for Foods and Processes